四种观赏凤梨的离体繁殖

以粉菠萝[Aechmea fasciata (Lindl.)Baker]、八宝剑（Vriesea poelmanii Hort.)、虎斑姬凤梨[Cryptanthus zonatus(Vis.)Beer]、七彩羞凤梨[Neoregelia carolinae (Beer)L.B.Sm.]等的幼株茎段为外植体,以MS＋NAA 0.5mg L^-1 BA 5mg L^-1为诱导培养基,MS＋BA 1mg L^-1 NAA 0.1mg L^-1为增殖培养基,可获得较好增殖效果。用1／2MS＋NAA 0.5mg L^-1生根效果较好,以椰糠：砂＝1：1,或椰糠：泥炭土：蛭石＝1：1：1为基质移苗的成活率均达95％以上。     

食管鳞癌人乳头状瘤病毒感染的原位杂交检测和观察

目的 :检测食管鳞癌中人乳头状瘤病毒 (HPV)的感染情况 ,探讨 HPV与食管癌发病的关系。方法 :用原位杂交技术及免疫组化方法对 33例食管鳞癌手术切除标本进行 HPV检测。结果 :用原位杂交方法检测食管鳞癌中 HPV DNA检出率为 4 5 .5 % (15 / 33)。HPV DNA阳性与食管鳞癌肿瘤细胞的分化程度无关 (P>0 .0 5 )。HPV衣壳蛋白的免疫组化检测均为阴性。结论 :HPV感染可能是引起食管上皮癌变的原因之一 ,与食管鳞癌的发生有关。即使在存在 HPV DNA的病例中 ,HPV衣壳蛋白亦可以不表达     

Burning the Seasonal Mosaic: Preventative Burning Strategies in the Wooded Savanna of Southern Mali

Data are presented indicating a seasonal mosaic pattern of burning in the savanna of southern Mali. A seasonal mosaic is a landscape that is annually re-created by people, and which contains patches of unburned, early burned, and recently burned vegetation. A survey of over 100 farmers and in-depth interviews demonstrates that rural inhabitants of southern Mali begin an annual burning regime early in the dry season in order to fragment the landscape, with the goal of preventing later fires that can damage natural resources. The process of gradually burning off the driest vegetation creates a seasonal mosaic of habitat patches that increases the potential of the landscape for a variety of dry season land uses, including hunting, gathering of savanna products, and grazing. An analysis of a series of Landsat images shows that the practice of mosaic burning is widespread in the wooded savanna, in which burning usually begins early and large fires are rare. On the basis of recent developments in ecological theory and empirical evidence from similar burning regimes in parts of Australia, it is suggested that seasonal mosaic burning in Mali not only prevents damaging late-season fires but increases biodiversity. It is concluded that discourse on African savanna burning overemphasizes the ecologically detrimental aspects of fire, while neglecting the beneficial ones resulting in misguided policies that pose a threat to human livelihoods and savanna ecosystems.     

商业经济管理人才的素质培养

知识经济作为一种以知识和信息为基础的经济 ,将对整个社会的经济生活产生重大而深远的影响。作为协调经济活动过程的管理 ,也必将发生相应的变化。跨世纪的商业经济管理人才必须具备一定的素质、能力和知识结构 ,为此高等院校要进行相应的教学改革 ,从而培养出适应未来社会经济管理的人才     

晚稻中后期二化螟为害特点及严重发生原因剖析

近年来 ,浙江省仙居县晚稻中后期二化螟ChilosuppressalisWalker为害日趋严重。分析原因 ,一是单季稻等桥梁田面积的不断扩大 ,使 8月底至 9月上旬田间出现了全年发生量最大的 2代主蛾峰 ,卵孵化盛期与连作晚稻抽穗期吻合 ;二是冬春气温升高 ,发生期提早 ,2代虫源寄主、水稻移栽期等的多样化 ,使 3,4代发生期拉长 ;三是因 3代主峰和 4代的螟害发生具有“隐性”的特点 ,其测报和防治工作被忽视 ;四是二化螟对常用药剂的抗药性提高。据此提出了相应的治理对策     

杂草科学管理——理论基础与实施途径

Scientific management of weeds is theoretically based on ecology.The implementation methods incladeIntensifying the weed biology and ecology research, especially those of the heavy weeds;Intensifying the research of developing competition between the crop and the weed;Utilizing a allelopathy the gene engineering and breeding against the weeds;Utilizing allelopathy between the crop and the weed, and utilizing biological and agricultural measurements to control the weeds.     

HBsAg生化性状对乙型肝炎疫苗效力影响的研究

比较研究了重组酵母HBsAg P24亚基间二硫键结合及其还原条件下降解程度对乙型肝炎疫苗效力的影响。分别用HPLC及SDS－PAGE法检测重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗HBsAg的P24亚基在还原条件下降解和P24亚基间二硫键桥联程度,并检测乙型肝炎疫苗小鼠体内效力（ED50值）和体外相对效力（RP）,分析HBsAg的P24亚基间二硫键结合及其还原条件下降解程度对乙型肝炎疫苗效力的影响。结果表明HBsAgP24亚基还原条件下降解成分Sub-P24的相对含量在5．2％－31％间,P24亚基间二硫键桥联型HBsAg颗粒相对含量在41．9％－71．8％范围内与疫苗的实验室效力无关。所生产重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗HBsAg的P24亚基间二硫键结合及其还原条件下降解程度不影响乙型肝炎疫苗实验室效力。     

Intensive fish predation: an obstacle to biological recovery following liming of acidified lakes?

Several thousand lakes have been limed inNorway and Sweden during the last threedecades. Most fishless lakes are stocked withsalmonid game fish after liming, predominantlybrown trout (Salmo trutta). Thecombination of intensive anthropogenic stockingand improved natural reproduction possibilitiesin brooks and rivers often leads to denselypopulated lakes and excess fish planktivory.Another major fish species in southern Norway,Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis),exhibits strong numerical increases afterliming, and within a short period of time thelakes harbor dense and often stuntedpopulations. The cladoceran zooplanktoncommunity was used as a diagnostic tool forstudying fish status, patterns and processes oflakes in the present area. Systems that werelimed before all fish species were lost, andbefore major dominance shifts had taken placewithin the invertebrates, recovered morequickly. Recovery periods are severelyprolonged in strongly disturbed, chronicallyacidified ecosystems. The control of fishabundance in optimal human resource managementof limed lakes is a delicate balance betweenthe necessity to suppress potentialinvertebrate predators and fish competitorssuch as corixids and chaoborids, and to avoidover-exploitation of the planktonic and benthiccommunities. If the combined watershed and lakesystem does not naturally produce sub-optimalspawning and recruitment possibilities, eitherfor brown trout or Eurasian perch, resulting insmaller populations, chances are high that thesite will lose its attraction as a fishingobject due to overpopulation. This should be amajor field of concern both for the ecology ofthese lakes and their resource management bythe fishery and environmental officials.